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today america's space program is alive

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and vital and it's filled with people

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like many of you who sit in this

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audience or people that you've been

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seeing on television and uh and you're

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gonna see right now because we have a

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special treat that i'm not sure senator

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glenn he probably is beginning to to get

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a hint that something's funny is going

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on here

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but it's it this is an honor for me to

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be able to introduce commander dan

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burbank and flight engineer don pettit

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live from the international space

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station uh to have just a chat with the

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senator so crew how do you read me

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charlie we've got you loud and clear

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welcome aboard the international space

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station

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hey i'd just like to say that uh we know

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you have an awful lot on your plate for

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the next couple of days and and we're

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delighted just to get a chance to be

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here at the uh the opening and uh to

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maybe just uh take a few moments to

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commemorate senator glenn's flight 50

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years ago today uh friendship seven was

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orbiting uh planet earth and that helped

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in a very big way paved the way for

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america to uh to become a space power

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and to uh to go to the moon and to do

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the things that we're doing right now on

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the international space station and we

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hope it's also going to help set us to

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set the stage for us down the road to do

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even greater things

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well dan and don uh i thank you both

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very much but we're gonna turn the

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tables on senator glenn right now if

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it's okay with you he's been getting

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pummeled with questions and uh he is

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probably the biggest champion of the

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international space station so i'd like

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to give him an opportunity to kind of

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pummel you

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with some questions about life up there

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since he's he's campaigning already for

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a trip to station so i want i want you

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to

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of questions for them or some comments

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to them you guys are not floating you

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you're not you're

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how are you secured there you got a belt

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on senator glenn it's great to talk with

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you welcome aboard

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thank you

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andy's going to hand my head to me on a

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platter if i'm not careful with this uh

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talk about going to the station

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but

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no i know you're floating around that's

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one of the things you can do up there in

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one of the zero-g environment of course

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is while you're up there to begin with

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to do the research that can be done

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there uh what are you doing hanging on

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are you tethered

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actually i've got one foot underneath a

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bungee another foot underneath a

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handrail i think don right now is free

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floating and behind us is andre kuipers

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european space agency uh dutch astronaut

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with us and uh andre's uh basically

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free-floating as well it took us a

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little while to kind of get our space

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legs so to speak but

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everybody's pretty comfortable

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managing their orientation in any number

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of ways

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do you have any estimate i don't know

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whether you know the exact number of

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research experiments you have on board

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right now do you have a

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i knew he was going to give me the gun

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we have well over a hundred

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and they all come with an acronym that

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uh you either have no vowels in them so

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it makes it really hard to pronounce

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or you can't remember what all the all

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the

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uh

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words all the letters stood for in the

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first place however i i would like to

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say that that the experiments we have

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we've got a whole ensemble of life

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science experiments that basically probe

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the gravity knob for life since it

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evolved on earth

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under constant gravity and now all of a

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sudden we can change the magnitude of

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gravity by a factor of a million and we

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can look at what the effects are on

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living organisms including human beings

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under that and then we have physical

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science experiments growing crystals

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looking at surface tension and other

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related phenomena that gravity masks and

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then combustion experiments i did a

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whole suite of combustion experiments

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this morning it was really fascinating

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yeah are you

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are you able to

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keep combustion going with less fuel

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required i know that that was one of the

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things that they

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came up on columbia before it was

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destroyed

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uh

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you know that i don't know i do know

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that you have to you have to fan the

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flames if you want to keep them going up

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here

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we're looking at forced convection and

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the the fuel that i was looking at this

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morning with help from

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folks from

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nasa glenn

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was ethylene we're looking at 20

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ethylene and and burning that in air

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under forced convection and looking at

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at uh when you get separation of the

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flame from the fixture that holds it

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that's that's very interesting i've

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thought the

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those energy experiments that were

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started on columbia

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i thought were fascinating and they had

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a lot of uh

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important future maybe right here on

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earth the uh

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i don't know whether people here in the

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audience right here today realize but

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you know a candle has a flame goes up

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because it the air is heated and the

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convection goes up and pulls the flame

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up but in space

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when something burns it just collects in

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a big cloud around it so you get a whole

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different set of

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burning and combustion principles and

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anything you can't duplicate that here

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on earth

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and there were some of the indications

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where that that we might be able to have

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combustion with far less use of fuel

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on some of the columbia experiments and

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that's what you're you're continuing

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that right now i guess is that correct

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uh yes senator glenn and and i find it

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philosophically interesting that that

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civilization started

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with fire

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and learning how to use fire and it's uh

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served us well for millennia

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and and we are slowly refining our

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understanding of what fire is because

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fire will work whether or not you really

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understand all the details of the

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chemistry

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and what we're doing now is again using

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a reduced gravity environment which

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changes the dynamics of combustion so

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that we can

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dissect even more detail out from how

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fire works which is obviously a needed

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element even as we

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leave planet earth and go off into the

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go away from the planet

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hey dan we've got a number of very young

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students here with us and i know i was

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watching you earlier it may have been a

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replay but

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the first handshake between a humanoid

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robot and a human

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in space can you talk a little bit about

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uh r2 and and whether r2 is behaving or

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or is developing a mind of its own

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already

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yeah we were talking about that there's

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we wanted to make sure that all three uh

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laws of robotics had been incorporated

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but but in all seriousness uh a couple

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of days ago we had

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robonaut r2

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out here in the lab and we were

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basically doing some checkouts on it and

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at this stage really it's a technology

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development program and the idea is that

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all the interfaces all the things that

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we have on space station that we

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interact with are all designed for

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humans for human hands for human arm

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length for

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for uh the parallax that human eyes

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provide and essentially robonaut has the

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same functionality the same you know

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capability as far as interacting with

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hardware so it all affords down the road

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a very good opportunity to take the

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tasks that are routine and perhaps some

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of the tasks that might be more

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dangerous for crew members to do and

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basically help offload us and uh and

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share those tasks with uh with a

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an anthropoid

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robot and ultimately i think it also has

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a lot of promise for doing space walks

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and these those can be of course one of

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the most dangerous things we do in space

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now put the three of you guys on the

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spot because i don't think the senator

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has ever been asked a question

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from space

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so

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how about if the three of you put your

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heads together play like your newsman

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and give us a question

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that's really rough for him

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and annie's sweating beads

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so senator glenn did you ever really

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find out what the fireflies were on

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your first orbit

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yeah

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we did i think the uh

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you know scott carpenter on the second

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flight was able to hit the side of the

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spacecraft the capsule and send the

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whole shower about and the uh the

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scientists working on this they could

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relate them to the

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uh water dripping out through the heat

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exchanger which was a controlled thing

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and then they just collected in a large

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cloud around the around the spacecraft

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the one thing i don't know that

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scientists have ever figured out yet is

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why the glowing luminous color

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water particles will go out and freeze

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and the light comes from the sun

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and through the earth's atmosphere and

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back out to the spacecraft again

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and what what changes the light in that

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what is refracted there so that when it

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hit these frozen particles they glow

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sort of a glowing luminous color

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and i don't know that we ever figured

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that one out not if we do i don't know

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what the answer was on it but

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they were not

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they weren't anything that was going to

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do me any harm so i wasn't too concerned

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about them

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if you guys had an opportunity to uh to

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bring this since he's bugging me all the

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time if he had an opportunity to bring

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him up for say a couple of months stint

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on station

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okay annie i'm just kidding

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uh which experiment that you're doing

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now would you most like to hand off to

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we know one thing that we didn't talk

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about already which i think is a key

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thing that we're doing onboard space

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station right now we do a lot of the

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life sciences and physical sciences

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but one thing that we're doing on

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station really i think falls in the

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category

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of engineering development technology

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development and i think this is some of

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the key things that will help us leave

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low earth orbit go on to the moon

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asteroids and onto mars

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and i think one of the things that we

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learn an awful lot about every day that

286
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we get a chance to interact with it is

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the regenerative environmental control

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system that we have here so i think

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based on his experience the center's

290
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experience it would be really neat very

291
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interesting to get a chance to work with

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him on the systems that we have to

293
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provide that capability if we we spend

294
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so much time sometimes focused on the

295
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details of those tasks it would be

296
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really good to have a big picture look

297
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on about that and also from somebody who

298
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has thought about leaving low-earth

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orbit from the perspective of lawmakers

300
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in our government

301
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and really what dan meant to say was

302
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when he's talking about the regenerative

303
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life support system that's a fancy word

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for our toilet and so he wants to put

305
00:11:21,269 --> 00:11:18,720
senator glenn busy fixing the plumbing

306
00:11:28,710 --> 00:11:22,870
that's exactly what i thought i was

307
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and and i think now now that don's

308
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pointed it out i may find myself

309
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replaced outright with the senator

310
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you got anything else for them

311
00:11:42,389 --> 00:11:39,680
one other question do you have any uh

312
00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:42,399
plant growth studies on board right now

313
00:11:51,670 --> 00:11:48,230
well uh

314
00:11:53,509 --> 00:11:51,680
just just as a a little uh investigation

315
00:11:55,430 --> 00:11:53,519
on the side i've been growing a few

316
00:11:58,069 --> 00:11:55,440
plants and

317
00:11:59,990 --> 00:11:58,079
as senator glenn i was able to get a

318
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zucchini plant

319
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to bloom

320
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and it bloomed on valentine's day and i

321
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had a special conference with my wife

322
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and i presented her with uh with a

323
00:12:14,150 --> 00:12:11,360
zucchini flower i mean it's it's not a

324
00:12:17,350 --> 00:12:14,160
rose it's not a lily it's it's not a

325
00:12:19,350 --> 00:12:17,360
carnation it was a zucchini blossom uh

326
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but and and she could only see it on the

327
00:12:23,990 --> 00:12:21,760
downlink video but i did

328
00:12:25,990 --> 00:12:24,000
pick that blossom and i i stuck it in

329
00:12:27,670 --> 00:12:26,000
our world atlas i'm pressing it between

330
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pages and i'm going to bring that home

331
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and give it to her

332
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that's good

333
00:12:39,430 --> 00:12:37,030
hey we're here for a future forum so for

334
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the next one go ahead just so everybody

335
00:12:42,949 --> 00:12:41,600
here i wonder about how far around the

336
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earth they've traveled just while we've

337
00:12:45,829 --> 00:12:44,320
been talking to them

338
00:12:46,949 --> 00:12:45,839
probably a fourth of the distance around

339
00:12:49,190 --> 00:12:46,959
the earth

340
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just in the time we've been talking

341
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either of you watching the map

342
00:12:55,829 --> 00:12:53,680
and i'd say that's about right

343
00:13:00,069 --> 00:12:55,839
so it's it's been basically yeah fourth

344
00:13:03,829 --> 00:13:01,590
well in the order of about 10 000

345
00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:03,839
kilometers thereabouts yeah quick

346
00:13:07,990 --> 00:13:06,320
question for you as i was saying we're

347
00:13:11,350 --> 00:13:08,000
here for a future forum for the next day

348
00:13:13,670 --> 00:13:11,360
and a half um you know what just from

349
00:13:16,310 --> 00:13:13,680
what you've seen so far

350
00:13:17,829 --> 00:13:16,320
what would you like to be a topic that

351
00:13:21,030 --> 00:13:17,839
this group

352
00:13:23,110 --> 00:13:21,040
considers in terms of where should we be

353
00:13:24,949 --> 00:13:23,120
20 years from now or 30 years from now

354
00:13:26,870 --> 00:13:24,959
based on what you've what you've seen

355
00:13:33,430 --> 00:13:26,880
and experienced this time and you know i

356
00:13:38,389 --> 00:13:35,350
well i i think there's a lot of aspects

357
00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:38,399
to that and and i think one thing that

358
00:13:42,870 --> 00:13:40,800
uh one of the biggest challenges that we

359
00:13:44,629 --> 00:13:42,880
have on board space station that we've

360
00:13:46,310 --> 00:13:44,639
probably had in any spacecraft before

361
00:13:48,470 --> 00:13:46,320
and it's something that with the space

362
00:13:49,910 --> 00:13:48,480
shuttle we really didn't have this case

363
00:13:51,670 --> 00:13:49,920
and the space shuttle every time we flew

364
00:13:54,069 --> 00:13:51,680
it we returned it to the factory in

365
00:13:56,230 --> 00:13:54,079
essence we returned it to the people who

366
00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:56,240
knew how to build it on board space

367
00:14:01,110 --> 00:13:59,199
station right now astronauts have to be

368
00:14:02,710 --> 00:14:01,120
essentially jacks of all trade we need

369
00:14:04,069 --> 00:14:02,720
to be able to fix anything and

370
00:14:06,470 --> 00:14:04,079
everything that happens we need to

371
00:14:08,710 --> 00:14:06,480
essentially be professional technicians

372
00:14:10,870 --> 00:14:08,720
on a par with the people that for

373
00:14:13,509 --> 00:14:10,880
decades have have put

374
00:14:15,509 --> 00:14:13,519
their heart and soul into into taking

375
00:14:17,269 --> 00:14:15,519
care of incredibly complicated and

376
00:14:19,670 --> 00:14:17,279
exotic vehicles in the form of the space

377
00:14:21,189 --> 00:14:19,680
shuttle if we leave low earth orbit one

378
00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:21,199
of the key things one of the most

379
00:14:25,910 --> 00:14:23,120
important things i think we need to have

380
00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:25,920
is we need to have the capability to

381
00:14:30,550 --> 00:14:28,160
to essentially cut the umbilical to be

382
00:14:32,230 --> 00:14:30,560
able to maintain

383
00:14:35,189 --> 00:14:32,240
spacecraft to the degree that if

384
00:14:36,310 --> 00:14:35,199
something breaks you can replace a part

385
00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:36,320
outright you need to be able to

386
00:14:40,629 --> 00:14:38,320
fabricate a part you can't be you cannot

387
00:14:42,470 --> 00:14:40,639
bring with you all the pieces and parts

388
00:14:43,829 --> 00:14:42,480
that you might anticipate that might

389
00:14:46,230 --> 00:14:43,839
break over the course of a couple of

390
00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:46,240
year mission so we re one of the key

391
00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:47,760
technologies and it's something that i

392
00:14:52,389 --> 00:14:50,399
think is a unique need for space flight

393
00:14:54,949 --> 00:14:52,399
is to find some way to be able to

394
00:14:57,910 --> 00:14:54,959
fabricate parts that we can replace and

395
00:14:59,829 --> 00:14:57,920
to be able to do those things obviously

396
00:15:01,189 --> 00:14:59,839
in conjunction with the with the ground

397
00:15:04,069 --> 00:15:01,199
that's going to help you talk you

398
00:15:06,389 --> 00:15:04,079
through those things uh uh remotely but

399
00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:06,399
the fabrication part in the in the in

400
00:15:12,629 --> 00:15:09,040
the repair capability is uh is one of

401
00:15:15,350 --> 00:15:12,639
the biggest challenges i think we have

402
00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:15,360
and then i i think that uh

403
00:15:19,030 --> 00:15:16,800
one one

404
00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:19,040
aspect of going away from earth that we

405
00:15:24,949 --> 00:15:22,320
need to to think hard about is do we

406
00:15:27,189 --> 00:15:24,959
take everything with us on the mission

407
00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:27,199
from planet earth do we lift everything

408
00:15:32,629 --> 00:15:30,000
we need from earth's gravity well or do

409
00:15:35,509 --> 00:15:32,639
we figure out how to take

410
00:15:38,470 --> 00:15:35,519
materials from elsewhere and use them to

411
00:15:41,350 --> 00:15:38,480
enable missions and this all boils down

412
00:15:43,030 --> 00:15:41,360
to what i refer to as the tyranny of the

413
00:15:44,949 --> 00:15:43,040
rocket equation

414
00:15:47,509 --> 00:15:44,959
and what the

415
00:15:49,670 --> 00:15:47,519
what the engineering implications are to

416
00:15:53,110 --> 00:15:49,680
the rocket equation for the designing

417
00:15:55,590 --> 00:15:53,120
for the design of our rockets that we

418
00:15:57,670 --> 00:15:55,600
launched from the surface of earth and

419
00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:57,680
and the implications of how much payload

420
00:16:03,269 --> 00:16:00,880
can any given rocket take up and what do

421
00:16:05,430 --> 00:16:03,279
you use for that payload and when you

422
00:16:08,310 --> 00:16:05,440
look at at

423
00:16:11,509 --> 00:16:08,320
building bases elsewhere it's going to

424
00:16:12,870 --> 00:16:11,519
take hundreds of tons of material

425
00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:12,880
to

426
00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:15,360
build and maintain a base and and how do

427
00:16:20,710 --> 00:16:17,120
we get those hundreds of tons of

428
00:16:22,470 --> 00:16:20,720
material up into space and and i i think

429
00:16:24,949 --> 00:16:22,480
we need to do some serious thinking

430
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:24,959
about the rocket equation maybe

431
00:16:28,949 --> 00:16:27,360
alternate ways to try to get things into

432
00:16:31,670 --> 00:16:28,959
space that don't necessarily use the

433
00:16:34,230 --> 00:16:31,680
rocket equation and

434
00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:34,240
possibly think about getting materials a

435
00:16:39,189 --> 00:16:35,759
brute force and ignorance materials that

436
00:16:41,030 --> 00:16:39,199
we need by the multi-ton uh from uh

437
00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:41,040
other than planet earth

438
00:16:49,990 --> 00:16:44,079
don you um let me ask you one one go

439
00:16:53,030 --> 00:16:51,590
yes as an international uh

440
00:16:55,110 --> 00:16:53,040
representative of the international

441
00:16:56,069 --> 00:16:55,120
partner i think it would be nice uh to

442
00:16:58,949 --> 00:16:56,079
add

443
00:17:00,710 --> 00:16:58,959
the question to the future uh forum uh

444
00:17:02,949 --> 00:17:00,720
how the future is going to be in the

445
00:17:04,870 --> 00:17:02,959
sense of international cooperation we

446
00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:04,880
work together with a lot of partners

447
00:17:10,710 --> 00:17:08,079
here now and uh i'm curious what the

448
00:17:13,909 --> 00:17:10,720
forum thinks about uh going beyond earth

449
00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:13,919
orbit uh as an international effort

450
00:17:18,309 --> 00:17:16,319
fantastic i i appreciate that because

451
00:17:19,750 --> 00:17:18,319
i'm thinking about it let me we don't

452
00:17:21,990 --> 00:17:19,760
have a lot of time left but let me ask

453
00:17:22,949 --> 00:17:22,000
you all to just tell the all of us if

454
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:22,959
you can

455
00:17:27,429 --> 00:17:25,760
uh you know we are getting ready to send

456
00:17:29,990 --> 00:17:27,439
the first private

457
00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:30,000
uh spacecraft up to get ready to bring

458
00:17:35,190 --> 00:17:32,720
you supplies what type of training are

459
00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:35,200
you doing to stay ready there on board

460
00:17:37,590 --> 00:17:36,640
in case

461
00:17:39,590 --> 00:17:37,600
you know

462
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:39,600
the dragon or cygnus happens to get

463
00:17:48,870 --> 00:17:47,270
that's a great question it's it's really

464
00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:48,880
important for us to be able to maintain

465
00:17:52,950 --> 00:17:51,440
currency and uh and that comes right

466
00:17:55,590 --> 00:17:52,960
down to the piloting skills of being

467
00:17:58,710 --> 00:17:55,600
able to do a robotics uh capture of a

468
00:18:01,270 --> 00:17:58,720
free-flying vehicle and um should should

469
00:18:03,510 --> 00:18:01,280
spacex dragon make it here during my my

470
00:18:05,430 --> 00:18:03,520
watch and i hope it does um the way

471
00:18:08,630 --> 00:18:05,440
we're staying or keeping ourselves

472
00:18:11,909 --> 00:18:08,640
current is by practicing using a program

473
00:18:13,909 --> 00:18:11,919
called robot and that is essentially a

474
00:18:17,029 --> 00:18:13,919
robotic simulator that uses some of the

475
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:17,039
tools we already have developed

476
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:18,799
at johnson space center by folks that

477
00:18:23,110 --> 00:18:20,880
work in the virtual reality lab there

478
00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:23,120
and those tools allow us to essentially

479
00:18:26,870 --> 00:18:24,880
simulate the environment

480
00:18:28,630 --> 00:18:26,880
right down to the dynamics of how the

481
00:18:30,470 --> 00:18:28,640
space station robotic arm works the

482
00:18:33,350 --> 00:18:30,480
dynamics of the motion control system of

483
00:18:35,669 --> 00:18:33,360
dragon and uh in very high fidelity

484
00:18:37,350 --> 00:18:35,679
graphics and it allows us to essentially

485
00:18:39,270 --> 00:18:37,360
go through all of the crew coordination

486
00:18:41,430 --> 00:18:39,280
skills and the monkey skills of flying

487
00:18:42,470 --> 00:18:41,440
the arm right up to capture we can do it

488
00:18:44,470 --> 00:18:42,480
multiple times

489
00:18:46,150 --> 00:18:44,480
in addition to that we can also do dry

490
00:18:48,470 --> 00:18:46,160
run captures using the real space

491
00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:48,480
station robotic arm to grapple fixtures

492
00:18:53,110 --> 00:18:50,000
on space station that's something we

493
00:18:55,190 --> 00:18:53,120
have done a couple of weeks ago

494
00:18:57,110 --> 00:18:55,200
hey i want to thank you guys i know it's

495
00:18:59,590 --> 00:18:57,120
uh you know you you're really busy up

496
00:19:01,590 --> 00:18:59,600
there i appreciate you taking time to to

497
00:19:02,950 --> 00:19:01,600
just uh help us

498
00:19:04,470 --> 00:19:02,960
entertain this crowd here and i'm going

499
00:19:06,390 --> 00:19:04,480
to turn it over to senator glenn for a

500
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:06,400
final farewell well this is really a

501
00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:07,760
great surprise this morning i didn't

502
00:19:11,029 --> 00:19:08,960
know i was going to have the honor of

503
00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:11,039
talking to you guys up there and i i

504
00:19:14,710 --> 00:19:12,400
just was sitting here thinking a minute

505
00:19:17,110 --> 00:19:14,720
ago about the how technology has gone

506
00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:17,120
ahead so rapidly in the space age

507
00:19:20,549 --> 00:19:18,480
because here we are watching high

508
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:20,559
definition television here and you guys

509
00:19:23,909 --> 00:19:22,480
coming through perfectly

510
00:19:25,990 --> 00:19:23,919
back in the mercury days we had to go

511
00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:26,000
over each station on the ground apart

512
00:19:28,789 --> 00:19:27,760
and couldn't even keep communications

513
00:19:31,350 --> 00:19:28,799
now we have

514
00:19:33,510 --> 00:19:31,360
the tdrs technical data relay satellite

515
00:19:35,190 --> 00:19:33,520
that you relay through so you have

516
00:19:37,190 --> 00:19:35,200
constant communication around the earth

517
00:19:38,789 --> 00:19:37,200
it's just amazing that we can sit here

518
00:19:40,470 --> 00:19:38,799
and talk to you back and forth so thank

519
00:19:43,029 --> 00:19:40,480
you very much for helping kick off our

520
00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:43,039
forum it's really great congratulations

521
00:19:54,150 --> 00:19:44,960
to all of you thank you

522
00:19:57,669 --> 00:19:56,390
and i guess from the ohio state

523
00:20:00,310 --> 00:19:57,679
university

524
00:20:02,870 --> 00:20:00,320
i'm learning you're okay the home of the

525
00:20:05,190 --> 00:20:02,880
buckeyes uh we're gonna pass it back to

526
00:20:06,789 --> 00:20:05,200
houston and and let you guys go about go

527
00:20:08,230 --> 00:20:06,799
about your work but thanks again this

528
00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:08,240
has just been incredible for us thanks

529
00:20:18,070 --> 00:20:14,230
thank you so much it's been an honor and